Lapack version 3.x is a comprehensive fortran library that does linear algebra operations including matrix inversions, least squared solutions to linear sets of equations, eigenvector analysis, singular value decomposition, etc. it is a very comprehensive and reputable package that has found extensive use in the scientific community.

normally one would want to use non-pic code for static linking. in this case, install liblapack-dev. this package is provided for other packages, such as atlas, needing access to pic versions of the lapack objects in their own build process.