URI Normalization function:

* Take care of IDN domains. * Always provide the URI scheme in lowercase characters. * Always provide the host, if any, in lowercase characters. * Only perform percent-encoding where it is essential. * Always use uppercase A-through-F characters when percent-encoding. * Prevent dot-segments appearing in non-relative URI paths. * For schemes that define a default authority, use an empty authority if the default is desired. * For schemes that define an empty path to be equivalent to a path of "/", use "/". * For schemes that define a port, use an empty port if the default is desired * All portions of the URI must be utf-8 encoded NFC from Unicode strings